Chapter 29 Reading Questions      
Development and Inheritance 

Pretest

1. Fertilization occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tubes.                   True or False

2. Sex is determined at birth.                                                            True or False

3. If two eggs are fertilized, then identical twins will develop.             True or False

4. The first mitotic divisions of the fertilized egg are referred to as cleavage.
                                                                                                       True or False

5. The fetal structure that implants in the functionalis layer of the uterus is called the ectoderm.                                                                                                          True or False

6. All cells that are preliminary to the development of the ten systems are in place by the second week of fetal development.                                                                                      True or False

7. The ten systems and embryonic membranes are derived from six germ layers.                                                                                                                                 True or False

8. A fetal membrane called the chorion becomes the fetal placenta.    True or False

9. The fetal hormone Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is responsible for the continued secretion of the ovarian hormone progesterone.                                                   True or False

10. The first stage of labor is the expulsion of the placenta.                True or False.

Part 1: Fertilization
         A. Cleavage and Blastocyst Structure
          B. Implantation and Germ Layers

1. Review by comparing the formation of gametes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

                          spermatogenesis                               oogenesis

                        _______________                  _______________

                        _______________
                                                                        _______________
                        _______________

                        _______________                  _______________                                                                                                                                                                   ________________
                                                                        _______________ 

2. List the abbreviation for diploid and haploid chromosome number in the human.            
    ________________  and _________________

3. Describe the chemical process of fertilization.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

 4. In the space below draw a Punnett square representing the determination of sex.

  5. Compare the origin of fraternal and identical twins. _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Part 2: Pregnancy
     A. Embryonic Membranes and Placenta
     B. Fetal Growth and Parturition

6. Define cleavage. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

7. Identify the first structure after cleavage that resembles a mulberry. ____________
 Note:  This is a ball of cells a little larger than the egg for with all the mitotic divisions there has been no chance for growth.

8. Describe the components of the blastocyst:  blastocele, trophoblast, and inner cell mass.
Blastocele__________________________________________________________
Trophoblast_________________________________________________________
Inner cell mass ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

9. List the tissues derived from each germ layer.

       endoderm                                  mesoderm                                       ectoderm

___________________          ____________________         ____________________

___________________          ____________________         ____________________

___________________          ____________________         ____________________

___________________          ____________________         ____________________

___________________          ____________________         ____________________

___________________          ____________________         ____________________

  10. Draw and label a developing embryo 14 days after fertilization.

11. List the four embryonic membranes and the structures derived from them.

yolk sac _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

amnion ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

chorion ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

allantois _______________________________________________________________

12. List the maternal and fetal structures that become the placenta.
__________________________________ and _______________________________

13. Compare the arrangement of the maternal and fetal placentas.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

14. Describe the role of the hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin secreted by the chorion.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

15. Describe the three stages of labor.