Chapter 28: The Reproductive System
Would you like to test your knowledge of the male and female reproductive systems as a Chapter overview.
1. The function of the scrotum is to support the testes and
maintain a temperature below 98.6 degrees.
True or False
2. The functional unit of the testes is the basement
membrane.
True or False
3. A spermatozoan is a gamete containing 46 homologous
chromosomes.
True or False
4. During the formation of spermatozoa, genes are exchanged
during meiosis in a process called crossing-over.
True
or False
5. The seminiferous tubules are a system of spaghetti-like
structures that provide a passageway for sperm during ejaculation.
True
or False
6. The hypothalamus regulates the secretion of the male and
female sex hormones.
True or False
7. The urethra is a common passageway for both sperm and
urine in the male.
True or False
8. The prostate gland lies superior to the urinary bladder
and stores developing sperm.
True or False
9. Semen is a mixture of urine and blood.
True
or False
10. The ovary contains all of the undeveloped ova that will
be released through the female reproductive years.
True or False
11. A polar body is a portion of the sperm that penetrates
the egg.
True
or False
12. Each month the ovaries undergo the process of
developing a mature ovum within a nourishing layer of cells.
True or False
13. The corpus luteum is the remnant of the ruptured egg
structures following ovulation.
True
or False
14. The uterus is divided into three sections; inferior,
superior, and cervix.
True or False
15. The uterine layer that is shed during menstruation is
the myometrium.
True or False
16. Female
hormones are produced throughout the lifetime of the female.
True or False
17. In studying the menstrual cycle, one must take into
account events occuring in the ovaries and uterus.
True
or False
Part 1. The Male Reproductive System
A. Seminiferous tubules and
spermatogenesis
B. Spermatic ducts and Accessory glands
1. Peruse your textbook and list the parts of the male reproductive system in the direction that sperm will pass
Testes ---->___________________________ ---->
______________________________ ---->________________________________ ---->
______________________________
2. Describe the appearance and functions of the scrotum.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Describe the gross structure of the testes.
A. Identify the peritoneal membrane that encloses the testes on their
descent from the
abdominal cavity. __________________________________________________
B. Identify the dense connective tissue that covers the testes and
extends within to divide
the testes into compartments or lobules.
_________________________________
C. Identify the structures within the testes that are responsible for
sperm production.
_____________________________________________________________
4. The testes are active in sperm production from puberty to death. Draw the development of sperm spermatogenesis undergoing the process of meiosis below.
basement membrane of seminiferous tubule
Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocytes
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatids
Spermatozoa
lumen of seminiferous tubule
5. The illustration above is the process of spermatogenesis. The cells are engaged in a special form of cell division called meiosis. In order to understand this process, you need to identify the following terms:
diploid chromosome number (2n) ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
haploid
chromosome number (n) _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
gamete _________________________________________________________________
homologous chromosomes __________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
chromatid _______________________________________________________________
synapsis
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
crossing over
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. Describe the events in spermatogenesis.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Understand the microscope drawing of a seminiferous tubule with the following labels.
interstitial cells
lumen
basement membrane
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes
spermatids
Sertoli
cells
spermatozoa
8. Identify the parts of a mature spermatozoa and each functions.
| Part | Function |
9. Describe
the functions of the male hormones.
Is there a correlation between the development of a
parent's gray hair and the beginning of secretions of male
hormones? The process starts in the
small but mighty section of the brain called the ___________________.
This brain tissue secretes a hormone called __________________________
Releasing Factor which turns on the secretions
of pituitary gland sex hormones. With
the onset of puberty, the anterior pituitary hormones controls three processes:
1. FSH stimulates _______________________________________________________
2.LH stimulates _________________________________________________________
3. the interstitial cells of the testes begin to secrete
_______________________________.
Testosterone is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol or acetyl coenzyme A. List seven secondary sex characteristics under the control of testosterone.
1. ________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________
7. ________________________________________________
If we look at the negative feedback system, we can understand male teen-age behavior as these hormones begin to self-regulate for life-long secretion.
High levels of GnRH increase the release of
____________________________________.
LH stimulates the production of the hormone
___________________________________.
High levels of testosterone inhibit the secretion of
________________________________.
Low levels of GnRH inhibits the release of
_____________________________________.
Low levels of LH decreases the amount of
_____________________________________.
Low levels of testosterone stimulates the release of
_______________________________.
Add to this, GnRH also stimulates the secretion of FSH,
which increases spermatogenesis, this causes the sertoli cells to secrete
inhibin which decreases the pituitary gland secretion of FSH.
No wonder puberty is tough!
10. The remainder of the male reproductive system is a series of spermatic ducts for the ejaculation of sperm. Match the four ducts: epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra with their correct anatomical descriptions below:
_____________________________
____________________________
divided into three sections: prostatic,
formed by a Y-shaped union of the
membranous, and spongy which pass
vas deferens and seminal vesicles,
to the external orifice
posterior to the bladder
_____________________________
_____________________________
comma-shaped system of coiled
passes superiorly through the
ducts posterior to the testes
inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord
11. Identify the characteristics of the accessory glands of the male in the following information map.
| gland | anatomical position | shape | secretes into | functions of secretions |
Name the gland that enlarges and causes urinary retention. ______________________
12. These
accessory glands contribute to the viscous milky secretion called semen.
Identify the volume of semen /ejaculation.
________________________ mls
Identify the pH of semen.
____________________________________
Identify the average sperm count per ejaculation.
___________________ million
13. Describe the characteristics of the penis.
A. Name the spongy masses of erectile tissue in the penis.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
B. Put an X next to the erectile tissue that contains the spongy urethra.
C. Identify the nervous system that controls erections.
_______________________________________________
These spongy masses
of erectile tissue are blood sinuses which
become engorged
with blood and temporarily compress the
veins draining the
penis.
D. Identify the area of the penis that is removed in circumcision.
_________________________________________________
Focus Question: Describe the process of spermatogenesis by relating the developments within the seminiferous tubules with hormonal control.