Chapter 26 Continued Objectives
The Urinary System

1. List the three main processes involved in urine formation.

2. List the blood components that cannot enter Bowman's capsule.

 3. Contrast hydrostatic pressure, capsular pressure, and blood colloid osmotic pressure and their    roles in the production of filtrate.

4. Explain the effects of kidney disease and hemorrhaging on net filtration pressure.

5. Describe the active process of tubular reabsorption.

6. Define tubular maximum and why glucosuria can occur.

7. List the chemicals absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

8. Explain the functions of tubular secretion.

9. Describe the renin-angiotensin pathway and the role of Angiotensin II.

10. Describe the role of ADH and how its secretion can be blocked.

11. How does the counter-current mechanism meet the needs of the body for fluids.

12. Know the common signs of urinary system disorders.

Take a Quiz - Chapter 26 continued

1. Identify the process below that is responsible for the filtration of blood plasma
    into Bowman's capsule.
        a. glomerular filtrations
        b. tubular reabsorption
        c. tubular secretion
        d. the renin-angiotensin pathway

2. From the following list of chemicals dissolved in plasma, identify the one that
   does not leave the glomerulus.
        a. sodium and potassium
        b. water
        c. bicarbonate and chloride
        d. glucose and amino acids
        e. albumin and fibrinogen

3. We have learned that the osmotic pressure in blood vessels is influenced by the   
     protein albumin, identify the pressure this protein exerts in glomerular filtration.
        a. blood hydrostatic pressure
        b. capsular hydrostatic pressure
        c. filtration osmotic pressure
        d. blood colloid osmotic pressure

4. If blood flow into the glomeruli is diminished, what happens to the amount of filtrate produced?
        a. the net filtration increases
        b. the net filtration decreases
        c. the net filtration remains the same

5. The process of tubular reabsorption involves:
        a. the formation of more filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubules
        b. the recovery of electrolytes from filtrate to blood
        c. the active transport of sodium across the tubule cells into the filtrate
        d. the removal of hydrogen ions from the blood

6. Explain what is meant by tubular maximum (T_m).
        a. the ability of water to follow the reabsorption of electrolytes
        b. there are one million nephrons to perform T_m
        c. there are a maximum number of carriers to move materials from the filtrate to the blood
        d. Transcellular _membrane

7. Tubular secretion involves:
        a. H⁺ entering the filtrate
        b. the transport of urea and ammonia across the tubular cells into the filtrate
        c. the addition of HCO₃^- to the peritubular capillaries
        d. all of the above

8. The renin-angiotensin pathway results in:
        a. the osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
        b. metabolic alkalosis
        c. active transport of sodium with water following in the PCT
        d. secretion of two hormones:  aldosterone and ADH
        e. two of the above

9. Identify the circumstances that would block the secretion of ADH.
        a. release of angiotensin II
        b. a high protein diet
        c. consuming 8 glasses of water a day
        d. drinking alcoholic beverages

10. The counter-current mechanism:
        a. creates an osmotic gradient in the medulla
        b. prevents excessive loss of potassium in the filtrate
        c. causes urine to have a pH of 5
        d. maintains the acid/base balance of the blood