Chapter 24 Objectives
The Digestive System

1. Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion.

2. Be able to describe the general histology of the digestive tract.

3. Identify the structures found within the oral cavity.

4. Name the contents and functions of saliva.

5. Explain the role of the esophagus.

6. List the anatomical structures associated with the stomach.

7. Describe the interrelationship among the cellular secretions of the stomach.

8. Describe the roles of the four hormones associated with gastric secretions and motility, gastrin, GIP, secretin, and CCK.

9. Explain the three phases of gastric secretion.

Take a Quiz - Chapter 24

1. Hydrolysis is:
        a. the uptake of nutrients by the intestinal mucosa
        b. the wave-like movement of the digestive tract
        c. the breakdown of nutrients by digestive enzymes
        d. the liquifaction of food by HCl

2. The internal layer of the digestive tract that functions differently with each section is the:
        a. mucosa
        b. muscularis
        c. lamina propria
        d. serosa
        e. submucosa

3. Identify the main source of salivary amylase.
        a. uvula
        b. submandibular (submaxillary gland)
        c. parotid gland
        d. palatine tonsils

4. The enzyme found in saliva:
        a. begins the stomach secretions
        b. contains an antimicrobial agent
        c. lubricates and protects the mouth
        d. begins the digestion of carbohydrates

5. Identify the false statement(s)below.
        a. the esophagus secretes digestive enzymes
        b. the esophagus contains stratified squamous epithelium for protection
        c. the esophagus undergoes peristalsis to propel solids and liquids
        d. the gastroesophageal sphincter is always closed

6. Pepsin is associated with:
        a. the chief cells of the stomach
        b. hydrochloric acid
        c. protein digestion
        d. enzyme activity
        e. all of the above

7. The parietal cells of the stomach:
        a. activate the enzyme pepsinogen
        b. activate the hormone gastrin
        c. are destroyed by caffeine
        d. secrete Vitamin B12 intrinsic factor
        e. two of the above

8. The vagus nerve stimulation is part of _________ of stomach secretion.
        a. the esophageal stage
        b. the oral stage
        c. the cephalic stage
        d. the neural stage

9. The hormone gastrin has the following role:
        a. terminates the contractions of the stomach
        b. continues the secretions of the parietal and chief cells
        c. is secreted directly into the stomach lumen to promote all activity
        d. begin the process of stopping all stomach secretions

10. Secretin, the hormone:
        a. stimulates the pancreatic secretion of sodium bicarbonate
        b. causes the gall bladder to contract
        c. increases the secretions of stomach glands
        d. causes the liver to release its enzymes