Chapter 23 Objectives

1. Describe the functions included in Respiration.

2. Trace a molecule of oxygen through the respiratory passageways.

3. List the three parts of the pharynx and the structures found in each part.

4. Describe the appearance and function of the tissue lining the respiratory passages,  
    pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

5. How is sound produced?

6. Describe the anatomical features of the right and left bronchi.

8. Describe the external surfaces of the lungs and the pleural membranes.

7. Identify the alveolar cell types and their function.

8. Explain the features of the respiratory (alveolar-capillary) membrane.

9. Identify the three pressures involved in respiration.

10. Describe how Boyle's Law relates to lung function.

11.Compare the processes involved in inspiration and expiration.

Take a Quiz

1. Respiration is most accurately define as:
        a. the movement of gases through the air passageways
        b. the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and body cells
        c. the contraction of the diaphragm to raise the rib cage
        d. all events that occur inside the lungs

2. Identify from the following, the pharynx part that is mismatched with its associated
    structure and supply the correct answer.
        a. oropharynx - fauces
        b. laryngopharynx - epiglottis
        c. nasopharynx - palatine tonsils

3. The type of epithelium that warms and moistens the air in the upper respiratory
     passageways is:
        a. squamous epithelium
        b. fibroblasts
        c. stratified epithelium
        d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

4. Your Adam's apple is also called:
        a. the epiglottis
        b. the thyroid gland
        c. the thyroid cartilage
        d. your vocal folds

5. Sounds are produced by the vibrations of:
        a. the arytenoid cartilage
        b. elastic ligaments
        c. smooth muscle in the esophagus
        d. the cartilage rings of the trachea

6. The base of the lungs:
        a. contains an indentation for the heart
        b. rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm
        c. is posterior to the sternum
        d. is the point where the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels inter the lungs

7. The histological changes that are found in the walls of the bronchial tree include:
        a. hyaline cartilage changing to smooth muscle
        b. columnar cells forming the respiratory membrane
        c. the mucosa changing to the submucosa
        d. all of the above

8. The functional units of the lungs for gas exchange are the:
        a. Type I cells
        b. Type II cells
        c. macrophages
        d. fibroblasts

9. Identify the pressure that is exerted on the walls of the alveoli.
        a. atmospheric pressure
        b. hydrostatic pressure
        c. intrapulmonic pressure
        d. intrapleural pressure

10. Boyles Law requires
        a. variations in temperature
        b. an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
        c. that atmospheric pressure is always the highest pressure
        d. communication between the right and left  pleural cavities via the pleural
            membranes