Chapter 20 Objectives Continued
The Heart

1. Compare the events of atrial systole with the events occurring in ventricular systole.

2. Describe the position of the valves and the flow of blood through the heart at the
    end of diastiole.

3. List the reasons for the long refractory period.

4. Calculate cardiac output.

5. Define stoke volume in terms of end diastolic volume and end systolic volume.

6. Give an example of Frank-Starlings law of the heart.

7. Explain in general terms the following arrhythmias: AV block, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, bradycardia, and tachycardia.

8. Compare the factors that slow down the heart rate and accelerate the heart rate.

Take a Quiz - Chapter 20 continued

1. Identify the event in the cardiac cycle that causes the first heart sound, LUBB.
        a. atrial diastole
        b. atrial systole
        c. ventricular diastole
        d. ventricular systole

2. Of the following factors, which one is associated with the contraction of the atria.
        a. the opening of the semilunar valves
        b. the QRS wave on the ECG
        c. the firing of the SA node
        d. slow ventricular filling

3. Why must the heart remain in diastole for half its beat?
        a. to allow blood flow though the coronary system
        b. to give sufficient time for blood to flow throughout the body
        c. to restart the conduction system
        d. to remove all blood from the four heart chambers

4. Calculate the cardiac output of Sarah Hughes after her performance at the 2002
     Olympics:  heart rate 100 bpm and stroke volume 75 ml per beat
        a. 175
        b. 1000
        c. 5,000
        d. 7,500

5. End diastolic volume refers to
        a. the amount of blood left in the left ventricle after systole
        b. the amount of blood ejected from the heart during systole
        c. the amount of blood in the left ventricle before systole
        d. the amount of blood that is returned from the lungs

6. The arrhythma considered a cardiac emergency is:
        a. AV block
        b. atrial fibrillation
        c. ventricular fibrillation
        d. bradycardia
        e. tachycardia

7. The neurotransmitter associated with decreasing the heart rate is:
        a. acetylcholine
        b. GABA
        c. epinephrine
        d. TP-A

8. The intracellular ion associated with an irregular heart rate is:
        a. bicarbonate
        b. sodium
        c. chloride
        d. potassium